Kuunzwa kwemushonga wefuro we polyurethane rigid foam unoshandiswa mumunda wekuvaka
Nekuwedzera kwezvinodiwa zvezvivakwa zvemazuva ano zvekuchengetedza simba uye kuchengetedzwa kwezvakatipoteredza, mashandiro ekudzivirira kupisa kwezvinhu zvekuvaka anowedzera kukosha. Pakati pavo, furo rakagadzika repolyurethane ipurasitiki yakanaka kwazvo, ine hunhu hwakanaka hwemakanika, kufambisa kupisa kwakaderera nezvimwe zvakanakira, saka inoshandiswa zvakanyanya mumunda wekudzivirira kupisa kwezvivakwa.
Mushonga wefuro chimwe chezvinhu zvinonyanya kushandiswa mukugadzira furo rakasimba repolyurethane. Zvichienderana nekushanda kwaro, rinogona kukamurwa muzvikamu zviviri: mushonga wefuro wemakemikari uye mushonga wefuro chaiwo.
Kupatsanurwa kwezvishandiso zvefuro
Mushonga wefuro remakemikari chinhu chinowedzera gasi uye furo repolyurethane panguva yekushandiswa kweisocyanates nepolyols. Mvura ndiyo inomiririra mushonga wefuro remakemikari, iro rinoita zvinoenderana nechikamu cheisocyanate kugadzira gasi recarbon dioxide, kuitira kuti rifure polyurethane. Mushonga wefuro remuviri chinhu chinowedzera mukugadzirwa kwefuro repolyurethane, iro rinofure polyurethane kuburikidza nekushanda kwegasi. Mushonga wefuro remuviri zvinonyanya kuve makemikari eorganic anofashaira zvishoma, akadai sehydrofluorocarbons (HFC) kana alkane (HC).
Maitiro ekuvandudzamumiririri wefuroYakatanga kunopera kwema1950, kambani yeDuPont yakashandisa trichloro-fluoromethane (CFC-11) semushonga wepolyurethane hard foam foam, uye yakawana kushanda kuri nani kwechigadzirwa, kubvira ipapo CFC-11 yave kushandiswa zvakanyanya mumunda wepolyurethane hard foam. Sezvo CFC-11 yakaratidza kukuvadza ozone layer, nyika dzekumadokero kweEurope dzakamira kushandisa CFC-11 pakupera kwa1994, uye China yakarambidzawo kugadzirwa nekushandiswa kweCFC-11 muna 2007. Mushure mezvo, United States neEurope dzakarambidza kushandiswa kweCFC-11 inotsiva HCFC-141b muna 2003 na2004, zvichiteerana. Sezvo ruzivo rwezvakatipoteredza ruchiwedzera, nyika dziri kutanga kugadzira nekushandisa dzimwe nzira dzine mukana wekudziya kwepasi rose (GWP).
Mishonga yefoam yemhando yeHfc yaimboshandiswa panzvimbo peCFC-11 neHCFC-141b, asi kukosha kweGWP kwemishonga yemhando yeHFC kuchiri kwakakwira, izvo zvisingabatsire kuchengetedzwa kwezvakatipoteredza. Saka, mumakore achangopfuura, chinangwa chekugadzira mishonga yefoam muchikamu chekuvaka chakachinja kuenda kune dzimwe nzira dzeGWP shoma.
Zvakanakira uye zvakaipa zvezvinoshandiswa nefuro
Semhando yezvinhu zvinodzivirira kupisa, furo repolyurethane rakasimba rine zvakanakira zvakawanda, zvakaita sekushanda zvakanaka kwekudzivirira kupisa, simba rakanaka remuchina, kushanda zvakanaka kwekunyudza ruzha, hupenyu hwebasa hwakagadzikana kwenguva refu nezvimwewo.
Semubatsiri mukuru mukugadzira furo rakasimba repolyurethane, furo rine simba guru pakushanda, mutengo uye kuchengetedzwa kwezvakatipoteredza kwezvinhu zvinodzivirira kupisa. Zvakanakira furo remakemikari ndezvekuti rinokurumidza kukurumidza kuburitsa furo, furo rakafanana, rinogona kushandiswa pakupisa kwakasiyana-siyana uye hunyoro, rinogona kuwana furo rakawanda, kuitira kugadzirira furo rakasimba repolyurethane rinoshanda zvakanyanya.
Zvisinei, mishonga yemakemikari inogona kuburitsa magasi anokuvadza, akadai secarbon dioxide, carbon monoxide uye nitrogen oxides, zvichikonzera kusvibiswa kwezvakatipoteredza. Chakanakira mushonga we physical foam ndechekuti hauburitse magasi anokuvadza, hauna simba rakawanda panharaunda, uye unogona zvakare kuwana saizi diki yemabubble uye kushanda zvakanaka kwekudzivirira. Zvisinei, mishonga ye physical foam ine mwero unononoka wekuburitsa furo uye inoda tembiricha yakakwira nehunyoro kuti ishande zvakanaka.
Semhando yezvinhu zvinodzivirira kupisa, furo repolyurethane rakasimba rine zvakanakira zvakawanda, zvakaita sekushanda zvakanaka kwekudzivirira kupisa, simba rakanaka remuchina, kushanda zvakanaka kwekunyudza ruzha, hupenyu hwebasa hwakagadzikana kwenguva refu nezvimwewo.
Semubatsiri akakosha mukugadzirira kwefuro rakasimba repolyurethane, mushonga wefuro une simba guru pakushanda, mutengo uye kuchengetedzwa kwezvakatipoteredza kwezvinhu zvinodzivirira kupisa. Zvakanakira mushonga wefuro wemakemikari ndekukurumidza kuburitsa furo, furo rakafanana, rinogona kushandiswa pakupisa kwakasiyana-siyana uye hunyoro, rinogona kuwana furo rakawanda, kuitira kugadzirira furo rakasimba repolyurethane rinoshanda zvakanyanya.
Zvisinei, mishonga yemakemikari inogona kuburitsa magasi anokuvadza, akadai secarbon dioxide, carbon monoxide uye nitrogen oxides, zvichikonzera kusvibiswa kwezvakatipoteredza. Chakanakira mushonga we physical foam ndechekuti hauburitse magasi anokuvadza, hauna simba rakawanda panharaunda, uye unogona zvakare kuwana saizi diki yemabubble uye kushanda zvakanaka kwekudzivirira. Zvisinei, mishonga ye physical foam ine mwero unononoka wekuburitsa furo uye inoda tembiricha yakakwira nehunyoro kuti ishande zvakanaka.
Mafambiro ebudiriro yeramangwana
Maitiro ekushandisa zvinhu zvinofuridza furo muindasitiri yekuvaka mune ramangwana ari kunyanya kukudziridza zvinhu zvinotsiva GWP shoma. Semuenzaniso, CO2, HFO, uye dzimwe nzira dzemvura, dzine GWP shoma, ODP shoma, nedzimwe nzira dzekuchengetedza nharaunda, dzave dzichishandiswa zvakanyanya mukugadzira furo rakasimba repolyurethane. Pamusoro pezvo, sezvo tekinoroji yezvinhu zvinodzivirira zvivakwa ichiramba ichikura, furo rinoita kuti riwedzere kushanda zvakanaka, senge insulation performance iri nani, furo rakawanda, uye saizi diki yemabubbles.
Mumakore achangopfuura, makambani emakemikari e organofluorine emuno nekunze kwenyika anga achitsvaga nekugadzira zvinhu zvitsva zvine fluorine, zvinosanganisira fluorinated olefins (HFO) foaming agents, izvo zvinonzi chizvarwa chechina chefoaming agents uye inyanzvi ye physical foaming ine gas phase thermal conductivity yakanaka uye mabhenefiti ezvakatipoteredza.
Nguva yekutumira: Chikumi-21-2024