Kuunzwa kweanopupa agent ye polyurethane rigid foam inoshandiswa mumunda wekuvaka
Nekuwedzera kwezvinodiwa zvezvivakwa zvemazuva ano zvekuchengetedza simba uye kuchengetedza kwezvakatipoteredza, iyo thermal insulation performance yezvivakwa zvekuvaka inowedzera uye yakakosha. Pakati pavo, polyurethane rigid foam ndeye yakanakisa yekupisa yekupisa zvinhu, ine yakanaka mekiniki zvivakwa, yakaderera thermal conductivity uye zvimwe zvakanakira, saka inoshandiswa zvakanyanya mumunda wekuvaka insulation.
Foaming agent ndechimwe chezvinonyanya kuwedzera mukugadzirwa kwe polyurethane hard foam. Zvinoenderana nemaitiro ayo ekuita, inogona kukamurwa kuita mapoka maviri: kemikari inopupuma mumiririri uye yemuviri inopupuma mumiriri.
Classification yefoam agents
Kemikari furo mumiriri chinhu chinowedzera chinogadzira gasi uye furo polyurethane zvinhu panguva yekuita kweisocyanates uye polyols. Mvura inomiririra chemakemikari furo agent, iyo inopindirana neiyo isocyanate component kuti iumbe carbon dioxide gas, kuitira kuti ipure iyo polyurethane zvinhu. Physical foaming agent is a additive inowedzerwa mukugadzirwa kwe polyurethane hard foam, iyo inopupuma zvinhu zve polyurethane kuburikidza nekuita kwegasi. Foam agents anonyanya kufashaira pasi-pasi, senge hydrofluorocarbons (HFC) kana alkane (HC) makomboni.
Nzira yekuvandudza yefuro agentyakatanga mukupera kwema1950s, kambani yeDuPont yakashandisa trichloro-fluoromethane (CFC-11) se polyurethane yakaoma furo furo agent, uye yakawana kuita kurinani kwechigadzirwa, kubvira ipapo CFC-11 yakashandiswa zvakanyanya mumunda we polyurethane yakaoma furo. Sezvo CFC-11 yakaratidza kukuvadza ozone layer, nyika dzekuMadokero kweEurope dzakamira kushandisa CFC-11 pakupera kwa1994, uye China yakarambidzawo kugadzirwa uye kushandiswa kweCFC-11 muna 2007. Zvakadaro, United States neEurope dzakarambidza kushandiswa. yeCFC-11 inotsiva HCFC-141b muna 2003 uye 2004, zvichiteerana. Sezvo ruzivo rwezvakatipoteredza ruchiwedzera, nyika dziri kutanga kugadzira nekushandisa dzimwe nzira dzine mukana wekushomeka kwepasi (GWP).
Hfc-type foam agents vakambotsiva CFC-11 neHCFC-141b, asi kukosha kweGWP kwemakomisheni emhando yeHFC kuchiri kwakakwira, izvo zvisingakodzere kuchengetedza kwezvakatipoteredza. Naizvozvo, mumakore achangopfuura, kutarisisa kwevamiriri vefoam muchikamu chekuvaka kwachinja kune yakaderera-GWP dzimwe nzira.
Zvakanakira uye zvakaipira zvefoam agents
Semhando yemidziyo yekudzivirira, polyurethane rigid foam ine zvakawanda zvakanaka, senge yakanakisa thermal insulation performance, yakanaka mechanic simba, yakanaka yekunyudza ruzha kuita, kwenguva yakareba yakagadzikana hupenyu hwebasa uye zvichingodaro.
Semubatsiri akakosha mukugadzirira kwe polyurethane hard foam, furo rinoputika rine zvakakosha pakuita, mutengo uye kuchengetedzwa kwezvakatipoteredza kwezvinhu zvinopisa zvekupisa. Zvakanakira zvekemikari inopupuma mumiririri inokurumidza kupupuma furo, yunifomu kupupa, inogona kushandiswa mumhando dzakasiyana siyana tembiricha uye hunyoro, inogona kuwana yakakwira furo, kuitira kugadzirira yakakwirira-inoita polyurethane rigid foam.
Nekudaro, makemikari efuro emakemikari anogona kuburitsa magasi anokuvadza, senge kabhoni dhaikisaidhi, kabhoni monoxide uye nitrogen oxides, zvichikonzera kusvibiswa kune zvakatipoteredza. Chakanakira chemuviri furo mumiriri ndechekuti haiburitse magasi anokuvadza, haina kashoma panharaunda, uye inogona zvakare kuwana diki bubble saizi uye nani insulation performance. Nekudaro, maajenti efuro emuviri ane mwero wekupupa zvishoma uye zvinoda tembiricha yepamusoro uye hunyoro kuti iite nepavanogona napo.
Semhando yemidziyo yekudzivirira, polyurethane rigid foam ine zvakawanda zvakanaka, senge yakanakisa thermal insulation performance, yakanaka mechanic simba, yakanaka yekunyudza ruzha kuita, kwenguva yakareba yakagadzikana hupenyu hwebasa uye zvichingodaro.
Semubatsiri akakosha mukugadzirira kwepolyurethane yakaoma furo, furo mumiririri ane kukosha kwakakosha pakuita, mutengo uye kuchengetedzwa kwezvakatipoteredza kwezvinhu zvinopisa zvekudzivirira. Zvakanakira zvekemikari inopupuma mumiririri inokurumidza kupupuma furo, yunifomu kupupa, inogona kushandiswa mumhando dzakasiyana siyana tembiricha uye hunyoro, inogona kuwana yakakwira furo, kuitira kugadzirira yakakwirira-inoita polyurethane rigid foam.
Nekudaro, makemikari efuro emakemikari anogona kuburitsa magasi anokuvadza, senge kabhoni dhaikisaidhi, kabhoni monoxide uye nitrogen oxides, zvichikonzera kusvibiswa kune zvakatipoteredza. Chakanakira chemuviri furo mumiriri ndechekuti haiburitse magasi anokuvadza, haina kashoma panharaunda, uye inogona zvakare kuwana diki bubble saizi uye nani insulation performance. Nekudaro, maajenti efuro emuviri ane mwero wekupupa zvishoma uye zvinoda tembiricha yepamusoro uye hunyoro kuti iite nepavanogona napo.
Future development trend
Maitiro ekupupa maajenti mune ramangwana rekuvaka indasitiri ari kunyanya kusimudzira yakaderera GWP inotsiva. Semuenzaniso, CO2, HFO, uye dzimwe nzira dzemvura, dzine GWP shoma, zero ODP, uye mamwe maitiro ezvakatipoteredza, zvakashandiswa zvakanyanya mukugadzirwa kwepolyurethane rigid foam. Uye zvakare, sezvo tekinoroji yemidziyo yekuvakisa ichiramba ichikura, mumiriri anopupa anozowedzera kusimudzira kuita kwakanakisa, senge kuita zvirinani kumisa, kukwirira kwekupupuma, uye diki bubble size.
Mumakore achangopfuura, mabhizinesi emakemikari emudzimba uye ekunze anga achitsvaga nekugadzira matsva ane fluorine-ine emuviri anopupa, anosanganisira fluorinated olefins (HFO) foaming agents, anodaidzwa kuti chizvarwa chechina chefoaming agents uye inhengo inopupuma negasi yakanaka. phase thermal conductivity uye zvakatipoteredza zvinobatsira.
Nguva yekutumira: Jun-21-2024