Kutsvaga kwetsvagurudzo pane isiri-isocyanate polyurethanes
Sezvo sumo yavo muna 1937, pururethane (Pu) zvinhu zvakawana zvekushandisa zvakasiyana-siyana zvinosanganisira zvifambiso, zvekuvaka, zviumbwa, zvine manhamba, humhandara, herospace, hutano, uye kurima. Izvi zvigadzirwa zvinoshandiswa mune mafomu emapurasitiki emapurasitiki, mafuru, elastomers, masendimita emvura, maganda ekugadzira, majasi, majasi, emagetsi ekugadzira uye zvekurapa. Chinyakare chedu chinonyanya kuvezwa kubva kune maviri kana anopfuura isocyanates pamwe nemacromolecular polyols uye madiki madiki maumbi echina. Nekudaro, iyo isina kujairika kusuwa kwe isocyanates tes inokoshesa njodzi kune hutano hwevanhu uye nharaunda; Uyezve ivo vanowanzove vanotorwa kubva phosgene-inonyanya kuve chepfu precursoror-uye inoenderana neyemamburi zvinhu zvisakavapo.
Muchiedza chezvinyorwa zvemapazuva nemapurazi. Pepa iri rinosuma nzira dzekugadzirira dzeNipu apo kuongorora kufambira mberi mumhando dzakasiyana siyana dzeNipus uye nekukurukura tarisiro yavo yeramangwana kuti ipe rondedzero yekudzokorora.
1 synthesis ye isiri-isocyanate polyurethanes
Yekutanga synthesis yemanyorerwe emulecular kuremerwa carbamate ichishandisa monocyclic carbonates inosanganiswa neyakaitika musi wayo Parizvino pane nzira mbiri dzekutanga dzekugadzira nipu: Yekutanga inosanganisira kuwedzera kwekuwedzera maitiro pakati peBinary cyclic carbonates uye binary mainini; Yechipiri inosanganisira maitiro ePolycondens DIAMARBEYLate intermeedates inogona kuwanikwa kuburikidza neyako cyclic kabhoni kana dimethyl carbonate (DMC) nzira; Nzira Dzese Dzese Nzira Dzinoita Via Carbonic acid mapoka anounza carbamate mashandiro.
Zvikamu zvinotevera zvikamu zvakajeka pamatatu akasiyana kusvika kune synthesizing polyurethane pasina kushandisa isocynate.
1.1binary cyclic carbonate nzira
Nipu inogona kuve yakanyorwa kuburikidza nekumwekuwedzera kwekuwedzera kunosanganisira binary cyclic carbonate pamwero pamwe neBinary AMINE seyakaenzanisirwa mumufananidzo 1.
Nekuda kwemapoka mazhinji eHydroxyl anovapo mukati mekudzokorora zvikamu pamwe nekateni yayo maincurure iyi inowanzoita kuti isheyo inotora polyluthane (PHU). Leitsch et Al. Kuwana kwavo kwakaratidza kuti hydroxyl mapoka mukati phus nyore kuumba hydrogen zvisungo zvine nitrogen / okisijeni maatomu ari mukati mezvikamu zvakapfava / zvakaoma; Kusiyana pakati pezvikamu zvakapfava zvakare zvinopa hydrogen maruva maitiro pamwe neyechiitiko chekuparadzanisa kwemisoro izvo zvinonyatso kukanganisa maitiro ekuita.
Kazhinji inoitwa pazasi pekupisa 100 ° C iyi nzira inogadzira isina maitiro ekunyora Kubva pane rimwe nzvimbo pakati pezuva rimwe kusvika kusvika mazuva mashanu kazhinji dzinobereka menderekedzo mitezo yakanyanya kuwanda
1.2moncylic carbonate nzira
Monocylic Carbonate zvakananga neDiAmine anokonzeresa Dicarbamate ane hydroxyl yekupedza Stealsespection
Anowanzo shandiswa monancylic monoants anosanganisira ethylene & procylene thinjanki yechiBlue Kugumisa kwakabudirira kuumbwa kwakaratidzirwa Wang et al., Zvakafanana zvinosanganiswa zvinosanganisira DMCE pregement w / hexamferzeddiamine Encompasing13k ~ 28k g / mol tensile inosimbisa9 ~ 17 mpa elongations leling35% ~ 235%.
Cyclarcarbonic geners zvinobudirira pasina kudiwa zvipo pasi pemamiriro ezvinhu ekuchengetedza tembiricha Kupfuura kungangoita misheni yekuedza kunongedza diolic inokwanisa kuzviratidza-polenomera
1.3Dimethyl carbonate nzira
DMC inomirira nzira yemamiriro ekunze Diki-Cake-Exict-Diolics / Break-Pollil Constituents Inotungamira Kubuda Kubuda Kutsvaga-Mushure mePolymer Zvivakwa Zvakaonekwa Kubva Kuenderana neFiumbi3.
Deepa et.al capital Pan Dongdong Akasarudzwa Strategic Palings Inosanganisira DMC Hexamethyclene-PolondaCoLeSe-Poldalcohols Kunoita Kuti Tonile-Simba Metrics Kuongorora kwekuongorora kwakapoteredzwa nemhando dzekutarisira kwakaziviswa zvido zvakanaka At230 ℃ .Addditionsal boortion yakanangana non-isocyureas-polyureas-polyureces yekunyora maitiro ekunyora Solvent zvinodiwa ipapo kuderedza marara hova dzinotangira mashoma mashoma chete methanol / madiki-molelica-diolic efluets simpleses dzirimo.
2 dzakasiyana-siyana zvinyoro-nyoro zvevasina-isocyanate polyurethane
2.1 polyether polyurethane
Polyether polyurethane (peu) inoshandiswa zvakanyanya nekuda kwesimba rayo rakaderera rekusungwa kwejasi rakapfava, kutenderera kuri nyore, rakanakisa tembiricha uye hydrolyis kuramba
Kebir et al. Syntheshised polyether polyurethane neDMC, polyethylene glycol uye butaneddiols seyakagadziriswa, Zhao Jingbo's Research Boka Rakashandisa Carbonate, 1, 6-Hexiciamine uye Polyethylene Glycol. Uremu hwenyorerwo hwemuchina wekusimbisa kwehunyanzvi hwezvinonhuwirana
The Research Boka reZheng Liuchun uye Li chuncheng yakagadzirira iyo yepakati 1, 6-hexamethyliamine (BHC) ine dimethyl carbonate uye 1, 6, uye polycondent Nhevedzano yePolyether polyurethanes (nipeiu) nenzira isiri-isocynate yakagadzirirwa, uye dambudziko rekuyambuka rapakati penzira panguva yekuita kwakagadziriswa. Chimiro uye zvivakwa zvechinyakare polyether polyurhane
| Sampuli | Zvakaoma segmment misa chidimbu /% | Sreek inoremerwa / (g·Mol ^ (- 1)) | Molecular uremu hwekugovera index | Tensile Simba / MPA | ELOLOLOLINGT PASTRY /% |
| Nipeu30 | 30 | 74000 | 1.9 | 12.5 | 1250 |
| Nipeu40 | 40 | 66000 | 2.2 | 8.0 | 550 |
| Hdipu30 | 30 | 46000 | 1.9 | 31.3 | 1440 |
| Hdipu40 | 40 | 54000 | 2.0 | 25.8 | 1360 |
Tafura 1
Mhedzisiro yacho muTafura 1 inoratidza kuti misiyano yemhando pakati peNIPEU uye HDIPU inonyanya kukonzerwa nechikamu chakaoma. Boka reUrea rakagadzirwa nerutivi rwepamhepo rakanyorwa zvisina kufanira mucherechedzo wekusungirwa kwehydrogen Nekuda kweizvozvo, zvimiro zvaro zvemakanika zvakanyanyisa kupfuura hdipu.
2.2 Polyester Polyurethane
Polyester polyurethane (Petu) nePolyester diols seyakagwinya zvidimbu zvine biodegradable Polyester diols inowanzo shandiswa mune zvinyoro-nyoro zvidimbu zviri polybutylene Adipate Diol, polyglycol dengate diool uye polycapurlactone diol.
Pakutanga, rokicki et al. Kuita macley carbonate ne diamine uye akasiyana diols (1, 6-hexandediol, 1, 10-n-dodecanol) kuti awane nipu yakasarudzika Farhadian et al. Yakagadzirirwa polycyclic carbonate yeSunflose OIL SEI SEAIWE SEAID SEZVINONYANYA, YAKAITWA PANE, uye YAKAITWA PANETATEPETAL POLYERTHANYE FILLYANGURA, Boka rekutsvagisa reZhang Lign kubva kuSouth China Runivhesiti yeTekiniyamu yakanyorwa madhiri uye akazungunuka ne biobhised dibasic acid kuti awane bolied polyeter polyurethane. Zino Jin Jin Jin Institute yezvinhu zvekutsvagisa, Chinyorwa cheChinese cheScientidoliool Zvakaoma SEXDECACE POLYERTHANCHE, Boka rekutsvagisa reZheng Liuchun uye Li chuncheng raishandise adipic acid uye ina aliphatic, ockadediol uye decandediol) neine akasiyana carbon maAtomu kuti agadzirire polyester diols seyakaenzana zvikamu; Boka revasiri-Isocyanate polyester polyurethane (petu), rakatumidzwa nhamba yeCarbon maAllool Diolsconons neiyo hydroxy-yakagadzirirwa chidimbu yakaoma prepolymer yakagadzirirwa neBHC uye diols. Izvo zvigadzirwa zvemuchina zvePetu zvinoratidzwa muTafura 2.
| Sampuli | Tensile Simba / MPA | Elastic Modulus/ MPA | ELOLOLOLINGT PASTRY /% |
| Petu4 | 6.9±1.0 | 36±8 | 673±35 |
| Petu6 | 10.1±1.0 | 55±4 | 568±32 |
| PetU8 | 9.0±0.8 | 47±4 | 551±25 |
| Petu10 | 8.8±0.1 | 52±5 | 137±23 |
Tafura 2
Mhedzisiro yacho inoratidza kuti chikamu chakapfava chePetu4 chine yakanyanya carbonyl density, chisungo chakasimba cheHydrogen chine chikamu chakaoma, uye chakaderera chikamu chekuparadzanisa chikamu. Iyo crystallization yezvese zvakapfava uye zvakaoma zvikamu zvishoma, kuratidza yakadzika yekunyungudza pollting uye Simba rakanyanya, asi kukwirira kwakanyanya pakuzorora.
2.3 Polycarbonate polyurethane
Polycarbonate polyurethane (PCU), kunyanya aliphatic PCU, ine hydrolysis kuramba, oxidation kuramba, kugadzikana kwakanaka kwezvinhu uye kune tarisiro yakanaka mumunda we bidicine. Parizvino, yakawanda yeiyo nipu yakashandisa polyether polyols polyols uye polyester polyspols zvikamu, uye kune mashoma ekutsvaga mishumo pane polycarbonate polyurethane.
Iyo isiri-isocyanate polycarbonate polyurethane yakagadzirirwa neTian Hengsui's Rutsvagsui's Research Group kuSouth China University yeTekinoroji ine monesular uremu hwe50 000 g / mol. Simba rekuita kwemamiriro ezvinhu pamusoro pehuremu hwemanyorerwe erembo rave rakadzidzwa, asi zvivakwa zvahwo humbowo hauna kutaurwa. Zheng Liuchun uye Li Chuncheng Boka Rekutsvagisa Yakagadzirirwa PCU uchishandisa DMC, Hexanidio, Hexaniol uye Polycarbonate Diols, uye yainzi PCU maererano nehuwandu hwechikamu chakaoma. Izvo zvigadzirwa zvekushandisa zvinoratidzwa muTafura 3.
| Sampuli | Tensile Simba / MPA | Elastic Modulus/ MPA | ELOLOLOLINGT PASTRY /% |
| PCU18 | 17±1 | 36±8 | 665±24 |
| Pcu33 | 19±1 | 107±9 | 656±33 |
| Pcu46 | 21±1 | 150±16 | 407±23 |
| Pcu57 | 22±2 | 210±17 | 262±27 |
| Pcu67 | 27±2 | 400±13 | 63±5 |
| Pcu82 | 29±1 | 518±34 | 26±5 |
Tafura 3
Mhedzisiro yacho inoratidza kuti PCU ine yakakura molecular uremu, kusvika pa6 Rudzi urwu rwePCU runogona kushandiswa sepurasitiki rakapetwa kana seyakapetwa, iyo ine yakanaka yekushandisa tarisiro mumunda wechienzi
2.4 hybrid isiri-isocyanate polyurethane
Hybrid non-isocyanate polyurethane (hybrid nipu) ndiyo sumo yeEPOLICE muPolyurethane Sramework, kuvandudza mashandiro ePolyurethane kana kupa iyo polyurethane mabasa akasiyana.
Feng Yuelan et al. Yakasarudzika Biox EPOXY SOOYBEAN YEMAHARA neCO2 KUTI CATAMONIC CATHCICIDY CATHONA (EPOX) uye ine zvimwe zvakaomeswa manhamba Iyo molecular cheni ine refu chinja chinongedzo chechirambara cheOleic acid / linoleic acid. Iyo ine zvakare yakawedzera manhongo manhongo, kuitira kuti ive nehunyanzvi hwekuita simba uye nekukanyama. Vamwe vaongorori vakashongedza marudzi matatu emhando dzenhengo dzevarapu nap Hybrid nipu kwete chete ine hunhu hweGeneral nipu, asi zvakare zvinogona kuve nekudikamwa kuri nani, asidhi neAlkali Corrosion kuramba, solvent simba uye simba rezvemakaniki.
3 Outlook
NIPU yakagadzirirwa pasina kushandisa ine chepfu isocyanate, uye parizvino iri kudzidzwa muchimiro chehuputi, ndichivhara, elastomer uye zvimwe zvigadzirwa, uye zvine tarisiro dzakasiyana siyana. Nekudaro, vazhinji vavo vachiri vakaganhurirwa nekutsvaga kwekurambidza, uye hapana kugadzirwa kukuru. Mukuwedzera, nekuvandudzwa kwezvekurarama kwevanhu uye nekuenderera mberi kwekukura kwechikumbiro, nipu nebasa rimwe chete kana mabasa mazhinji azova, gadziriso, murazvo unodzora, murazvo unodzora, wakanyanya kupisa kupokana uye zvichingodaro. Naizvozvo, tsvakiridzo yeramangwana inofanirwa kutyora nzira yekupwanya nematambudziko akakosha ekusamhidzirwa uye kuramba uchiongorora nzira yekugadzirira nipu.
Kutumira Nguva: Aug-29-2024