Rudzi rutsva rwekunamatira kwepolyurethane rwakagadzirwa nekushandisa mapolyacids madiki emamorekuru nemapolyols madiki emamorekuru sezvinhu zvekutanga zvekugadzira maprepolymers. Munguva yekuwedzera kwecheni, mapolymers ane branched uye maHDI trimers akaiswa muchimiro chepolyurethane. Mhedzisiro yebvunzo inoratidza kuti kukunamatira kwakagadzirwa muchidzidzo ichi kune viscosity yakakodzera, kugara kwenguva refu kwediski yekunamatira, kunogona kurapwa nekukurumidza patembiricha yemukamuri, uye kune hunhu hwakanaka hwekubatanidza, simba rekuvhara kupisa uye kugadzikana kwekupisa.

Kurongedza kunochinjika kwakagadzirwa necomposite kune zvakanakira zvekutaridzika kwakanaka, kushandiswa kwakasiyana-siyana, kutakurwa kuri nyore, uye mutengo wakaderera wekurongedza. Kubva payakatangwa, yave ichishandiswa zvakanyanya muzvekudya, mishonga, makemikari ezuva nezuva, zvemagetsi nedzimwe nzvimbo, uye inodiwa zvikuru nevatengi. Kushanda kwekurongedza kunochinjika kwakagadzirwa necomposite hakuna kungova nechekuita nezvinhu zvefirimu chete, asiwo zvinoenderana nekushanda kwecomposite adhesive. Polyurethane adhesive ine zvakanakira zvakawanda zvakaita sekusimba kwakasimba kwekubatanidza, kugadziriswa kwakasimba, uye hutsanana nekuchengetedzeka. Parizvino ndiyo adhesive inotsigira kurongedza kunochinjika kwakagadzirwa necomposite uye chinangwa chekutsvagisa kwevagadziri vakuru vanonamatira.

Kuchembera panguva yekupisa kwakanyanya inzira inokosha pakugadzirira kurongedza kunochinjika. Nezvinangwa zvemutemo wenyika zve "carbon peak" uye "carbon neutralite", kuchengetedzwa kwezvakatipoteredza, kuderedza kuburitswa kwemhepo ine kabhoni shoma, uye kushanda nesimba kwakanyanya uye kuchengetedza simba zvave zvinangwa zvekuvandudza mativi ese ehupenyu. Kupisa kwekukwegura nenguva yekukwegura zvine mhedzisiro yakanaka pasimba remapete efirimu rakabatanidzwa. Mupfungwa, kana tembiricha yekukwegura yakakwira uye nguva yekukwegura yakareba, chiyero chekupedzisa reaction chakakwira uye mhedzisiro yekupora iri nani. Mukuita kwekushandisa chaiko kwekugadzira, kana tembiricha yekukwegura ichigona kudzikiswa uye nguva yekukwegura ichigona kupfupikiswa, zvakanaka kusada kukwegura, uye kuchekwa nekuiswa mumabhegi kunogona kuitwa mushure mekunge muchina wadzimwa. Izvi hazvingogone kuzadzisa zvinangwa zvekudzivirira zvakatipoteredza zvine kabhoni shoma chete uye kuderedza kuburitswa kwemhepo ine kabhoni shoma, asiwo kuchengetedza mari yekugadzira nekuvandudza kushanda zvakanaka kwekugadzira.

Chidzidzo ichi chakagadzirirwa kugadzira mhando itsva ye polyurethane glue ine viscosity yakakodzera uye adhesive disc nguva yekugadzirwa nekushandiswa, inogona kupora nekukurumidza mumamiriro ekunze ekupisa kwakaderera, zviri nani pasina kupisa kwakanyanya, uye haikanganisi mashandiro ezviratidzo zvakasiyana-siyana zvecomposite flexible packaging.

1.1 Zvinhu zvekuedza: Adipic acid, sebacic acid, ethylene glycol, neopentyl glycol, diethylene glycol, TDI, HDI trimer, polymer yakagadzirwa nerabhoritari, ethyl acetate, polyethylene film (PE), polyester film (PET), aluminium foil (AL).
1.2 Zvishandiso zvekuyedza Ovheni yekuomesa yemagetsi yeDesktop inodziya tembiricha isingachinji: DHG-9203A, Shanghai Yiheng Scientific Instrument Co., Ltd.; Rotational viscometer: NDJ-79, Shanghai Renhe Keyi Co., Ltd.; Muchina wekuyedza tensile weUniversal: XLW, Labthink; Thermogravimetric analyzer: TG209, NETZSCH, Germany; Heat seal tester: SKZ1017A, Jinan Qingqiang Electromechanical Co., Ltd.
1.3 Nzira yekugadzira
1) Kugadzirira prepolymer: Omesa flask ine mitsipa mina zvakanaka woisa N2 mairi, wobva waisa polyol diki yakayerwa nepolyacid muflask ine mitsipa mina wotanga kukurunga. Kana tembiricha yasvika patembiricha yakatarwa uye mvura yabuda yave pedyo nemvura inobuda, tora huwandu hwakati hwesampuro yekuyedza acid. Kana acid yava ≤20 mg/g, tanga danho rinotevera rekuita; wedzera catalyst ine 100×10-6 metered, batanidza pombi yemuswe wevacuum wotanga vacuum pombi, dzora mwero wekubuda kwealcohol ne vacuum degree, kana alcohol chaiyo yabuda yave pedyo ne theoretical alcohol output, tora sampuro yakati ye hydroxyl value test, uye misa reaction kana hydroxyl value yasangana nezvinodiwa zvekugadzira. Polyurethane prepolymer yakawanikwa inorongedzwa kuti ishandiswe panguva yakatarwa.
2) Kugadzirwa kweglue repolyurethane rakagadzirwa ne solvent: Wedzerai polyurethane prepolymer yakayerwa uye ethyl ester muflask ine mitsipa mina, pisai mokurunga kuti zvipararire zvakaenzana, mobva maisa TDI yakayerwa muflask ine mitsipa mina, chengetedzai ichidziya kweawa imwe chete, mobva maisa polymer yakagadzirwa kumba murabhoritari moramba muchipindura kwemaawa maviri, wedzerai HDI trimer zvishoma nezvishoma muflask ine mitsipa mina, chengetedzai ichidziya kwemaawa maviri, torai sampuro kuti muedze NCO content, tonhodzai mosunungura zvinhu zvekurongedza mushure mekunge NCO content yaongororwa.
3) Kuisa simbi muvhu rakaoma: Sanganisa ethyl acetate, chinhu chikuru chinosanganisa simbi nechinhu chinochenesa simbi muchikamu chakati wobva wasanganisa zvakaenzana, wozoisa wogadzira sampuli pamuchina wekuisa simbi muvhu rakaoma.

1.4 Kutsanangurwa kweMuedzo
1) Kusviba: Shandisa viscometer inotenderera uye tarisa GB/T 2794-1995 Test method yekuona kusviba kwezvinonamira;
2) Simba reT-peel: rakaedzwa uchishandisa muchina wekuyedza wepasi rose, tichitarisa nzira yekuyedza simba repeel yeGB/T 8808-1998;
3) Simba rechisimbiso chekupisa: tanga washandisa muchina wekuyedza kupisa kuti uite chisimbiso chekupisa, wobva washandisa muchina wekuyedza wepasi rose kuti uedze, tarisa nzira yekuyedza simba rechisimbiso chekupisa cheGB/T 22638.7-2016;
4) Kuongororwa kweThermogravimetric (TGA): Bvunzo iyi yakaitwa uchishandisa thermogravimetric analyzer ine mwero wekupisa we10 ℃ /min uye tembiricha yekuedzwa iri pakati pe50 kusvika 600 ℃.

2.1 Kuchinja kwe viscosity nenguva yekusanganisa reaction Viscosity yeglue uye hupenyu hwe disc yerabha zviratidzo zvakakosha mukugadzirwa kwechigadzirwa. Kana viscosity yeglue yakakwira zvakanyanya, huwandu hweglue inoshandiswa huchava hwakanyanya, zvichikanganisa chitarisiko uye mutengo wekufukidza firimu re composite; kana viscosity yakaderera, huwandu hweglue inoshandiswa huchava hwakanyanya kuderera, uye inki haigone kupindirwa zvinobudirira, izvo zvinokanganisawo chitarisiko uye mashandiro ekubatanidza efirimu re composite. Kana hupenyu hwe disc yerabha hwakanyanya kupfupika, viscosity yeglue yakachengetwa mutangi reglue ichawedzera nekukurumidza, uye glue haigone kuiswa zvakanaka, uye rabha roller haisi nyore kuchenesa; kana hupenyu hwe disc yerabha hwakanyanya kurebesa, zvichakanganisa chitarisiko chekutanga che adhesion uye mashandiro ekubatanidza e composite material, uye zvinotokanganisa mwero wekupisa, nokudaro zvichikanganisa kushanda zvakanaka kwechigadzirwa.

Kudzora kwakakodzera kwe viscosity uye hupenyu hwe disc yekunamatira zvinhu zvakakosha pakushandiswa zvakanaka kwe adhesives. Zvichienderana neruzivo rwekugadzira, chinhu chikuru chinoshandiswa, ethyl acetate uye curing agent zvinogadziriswa kusvika paR value yakakodzera uye viscosity, uye adhesive inomonererwa mutangi rekunamatira nerabha roller pasina kuisa glue pafirimu. Sampuli dzekunamatira dzinotorwa panguva dzakasiyana dzekuongorora viscosity. Viscosity yakakodzera, hupenyu hwakakodzera hwe disc yekunamatira, uye kukurumidza kupora pasi pemamiriro ekupisa akaderera zvinangwa zvakakosha zvinoteverwa ne solvent-based polyurethane adhesives panguva yekugadzira nekushandisa.

2.2 Mhedzisiro yekupisa kwekukwegura pasimba remaganda Maitiro ekukwegura ndiwo anonyanya kukosha, anotora nguva, anoshandisa simba uye anoda nzvimbo yakawanda pakurongedza kunochinjika. Haangokanganisi chete huwandu hwekugadzirwa kwechigadzirwa, asi chinonyanya kukosha, anokanganisa chitarisiko uye mashandiro ekubatanidza mapakeji anochinjika anosanganisirwa. Tichitarisana nezvinangwa zvehurumende zve "carbon peak" uye "carbon neutralite" uye makwikwi emusika akasimba, kukwegura kushoma uye kukurumidza kupora inzira dzinoshanda dzekuwana simba shoma, kugadzirwa kwegirinhi uye kugadzirwa kwakanaka.

Firimu rePET/AL/PE raive rakacheneswa patembiricha yemumba uye pa40, 50, uye 60 ℃. Patembiricha yemumba, simba reganda rechimiro chemukati cheAL/PE chakabatana rakaramba rakagadzikana mushure mekukwegura kwemaawa gumi nemaviri, uye kucheneswa kwacho kwapera; patembiricha yemumba, simba reganda rechimiro chekunze chePET/AL chakabatana chakasimba rakaramba rakagadzikana mushure mekukwegura kwemaawa gumi nemaviri, zvichiratidza kuti firimu repamusoro-soro richakanganisa kucheneswa kwenamira yepolyurethane; tichienzanisa mamiriro ekupisa e40, 50, uye 60 ℃, pakanga pasina musiyano uri pachena muhuwandu hwekucheneswa.

Zvichienzaniswa nezvinonamira zve polyurethane zvinonyungudika zviri mumusika wazvino, nguva yekukwegura kwekupisa kwakanyanya inowanzova maawa makumi mana nemasere kana kupfuura. Chinamira che polyurethane muchidzidzo chino chinogona kupedzisa kugadzika kwechimiro che high-barrier mumaawa gumi nemaviri pakupisa kwemumba. Chinamira chakagadzirwa chine basa rekukurumidza kugadzika. Kuunzwa kwema polymers epamusha ane mabranched uye multifunctional isocyanates muchinamira, zvisinei nechimiro chekunze che composite kana chimiro chemukati che composite, simba reganda pasi pemamiriro ekupisa kwemumba harisi rakanyanya kusiyana nesimba reganda pasi pemamiriro ekupisa kwakanyanya, zvichiratidza kuti chinamira chakagadzirwa hachina basa rekukurumidza kugadzika chete, asiwo chine basa rekukurumidza kugadzika pasina kupisa kwakanyanya.

2.3 Mhedzisiro yekupisa kwekukwegura pasimba rechisimbiso chekupisa Hunhu hwechisimbiso chekupisa hwezvinhu uye mhedzisiro chaiyo yechisimbiso chekupisa zvinokanganiswa nezvinhu zvakawanda, zvakaita semidziyo yechisimbiso chekupisa, zviyero zvemuviri uye zvemakemikari zvechinhu chacho pachacho, nguva yechisimbiso chekupisa, kumanikidzwa kwechisimbiso chekupisa uye tembiricha yechisimbiso chekupisa, nezvimwewo. Zvichienderana nezvinodiwa chaizvo uye ruzivo, maitiro echisimbiso chekupisa akakodzera uye maparamita anogadziriswa, uye kuyedzwa kwesimba rechisimbiso chekupisa kwefirimu rakabatanidzwa mushure mekusanganiswa kunoitwa.

Kana firimu rakagadzirwa richangobva pamuchina, simba rechisimbiso chekupisa rinenge rakaderera, 17 N/(15 mm) chete. Panguva ino, glue rinenge ratanga kuoma uye harigone kupa simba rakakwana rekubatanidza. Simba rinoedzwa panguva ino isimba rechisimbiso chekupisa chefirimu rePE; sezvo nguva yekukwegura ichiwedzera, simba rechisimbiso chekupisa rinowedzera zvakanyanya. Simba rechisimbiso chekupisa mushure mekukwegura kwemaawa gumi nemaviri rakafanana neiro mushure memaawa makumi maviri nemana nemana nemasere, zvichiratidza kuti kugadzika kunopera mumaawa gumi nemaviri, zvichipa kubatana kwakakwana kwemafirimu akasiyana, zvichikonzera kuwedzera simba rechisimbiso chekupisa. Kubva pakuchinja kwesimba rechisimbiso chekupisa patembiricha dzakasiyana, zvinogona kuonekwa kuti pasi pemamiriro akafanana enguva yekukwegura, hapana musiyano mukuru musimba rechisimbiso chekupisa pakati pekukwegura kwetembiricha yemukamuri nemamiriro e40, 50, uye 60 ℃. Kukwegura patembiricha yemukamuri kunogona kuita zvizere mhedzisiro yekukwegura kwetembiricha yepamusoro. Chimiro chekurongedza chinochinjika chakabatanidzwa neglue iyi yakagadzirwa chine simba rakanaka rechisimbiso chekupisa pasi pemamiriro ekupisa akakwira.

2.4 Kugadzikana kwekupisa kwefirimu rakacheneswa Munguva yekushandiswa kwekurongedza kunochinjika, kuvharwa kwekupisa uye kugadzira mabhegi zvinodiwa. Pamusoro pekugadzikana kwekupisa kwefirimu pachayo, kugadzikana kwekupisa kwefirimu rakacheneswa repolyurethane kunosarudza mashandiro uye chitarisiko chechigadzirwa chakapedzwa chekurongedza chinochinjika. Chidzidzo ichi chinoshandisa nzira yekuongorora thermal gravimetric (TGA) kuongorora kugadzikana kwekupisa kwefirimu rakacheneswa repolyurethane.

Firimu repolyurethane rakagadziriswa rine misoro miviri yakajeka yekurasikirwa nehuremu patembiricha yekuyedza, zvinoenderana nekuora kwekupisa kwechikamu chakaoma nechikamu chakapfava. Tembiricha yekuora kwekupisa kwechikamu chakapfava yakakwira, uye kurasikirwa nehuremu kwekupisa kunotanga kuitika pa264°C. Patembiricha iyi, inogona kusangana nezvinodiwa zvetembiricha yemaitiro ekuisa chisimbiso chekupisa chepurasitiki chakapfava, uye inogona kusangana nezvinodiwa zvetembiricha yekugadzirwa kwekurongedza otomatiki kana kuzadza, kutakurwa kwemidziyo kure, uye maitiro ekushandisa; tembiricha yekuora kwekupisa kwechikamu chakaoma yakakwira, inosvika 347°C. Gundi rakagadzirwa risingapisi kupisa rakasimba rine kugadzikana kwakanaka kwekupisa. Musanganiswa weasphalt weAC-13 nesimbi slag wakawedzera ne2.1%.

3) Kana huwandu hwesimbi inonyungudika hukasvika 100%, ndiko kuti, kana saizi imwe chete ye4.75 kusvika 9.5 mm ikatsiva limestone zvachose, kukosha kwekugadzikana kwemusanganiswa weasphalt kuri 85.6%, kuri 0.5% yakakwira kupfuura yeAC-13 asphalt musanganiswa usina simbi inonyungudika; chiyero chesimba rekupatsanurana chiri 80.8%, kuri 0.5% yakakwira kupfuura yeAC-13 asphalt musanganiswa usina simbi inonyungudika. Kuwedzera huwandu hwakakodzera hwesimbi inonyungudika kunogona kuvandudza kugadzikana kwesimba nekupatsanurana kweAC-13 steel slag asphalt musanganiswa, uye kunogona kuvandudza kugadzikana kwemvura kwemusanganiswa weasphalt.

1) Mukushandiswa kwakajairika, viscosity yekutanga ye polyurethane adhesive yakagadzirwa nekuisa mapolymers epamusha ane branched uye multifunctional polyisocyanates inosvika 1500mPa·s, iyo ine viscosity yakanaka; hupenyu hwedhisiki re adhesive hunosvika 60 min, iyo inogona kusangana zvizere nenguva yekushanda yemakambani ekupakata anochinjika mukugadzirwa.

2) Zvinogona kuonekwa kubva pakusimba kweganda uye simba rekusunga kupisa kuti chinamira chakagadzirwa chinogona kuporesa nekukurumidza patembiricha yemumba. Hapana musiyano mukuru mukumhanya kwekunamira patembiricha yemumba uye pa40, 50, uye 60 ℃, uye hapana musiyano mukuru pakusimba kwekubatanidza. Chinamira ichi chinogona kurapwa zvachose pasina tembiricha yakakwira uye chinogona kurapwa nekukurumidza.

3) Ongororo yeTGA inoratidza kuti chinamira chine kugadzikana kwakanaka kwekupisa uye chinogona kusangana nezvinodiwa pakupisa panguva yekugadzira, kutakurwa uye kushandiswa.