Nei Zvikanganiso Izvi Zvichiramba Zvichionekwazve Mukugadzirwa

Mukuita maitiro ekukanda nekuumba polyurethane,maburi ane maburi, maburi anotsvedza, uye zviratidzo zvekuyererandedzimwe dzezvikanganiso zvinowanzo itika pamusoro pevhu mune zvese masisitimu epolyurethane anochinjika uye akaomarara.

Kunyangwe mushure mekugadzirisa kakawanda, matambudziko aya anowanzo onekwazve, zvichiratidza kuti chikonzero chikuru hachiwanzova chikanganiso chimwe chete. Pane kudaro, anokonzerwa nekusaenzana kwemazinga ehurongwazvinosanganisira:

• Kudzora hunyoro hwezvinhu zvisina kubikwa
• Kinetics yeReaction (kuenzana kwefuro vs gelation)
• Kuyera uye kusanganisa kugadzikana
• Kuburitsa mhepo uye kugadzira kuzadza kwemould
• Kudzora tembiricha yemaitiro

Kuti kugadzirwa kugadzikane, chigadzirwa chakagadzirwa zvakanakasisitimu yekugadzira polyurethanezvakakosha.

Dzidza zvakawanda nezve masisitimu akagadziridzwa emapurogiramu akasiyana:
Mhinduro dzeSisitimu yePolyurethane

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1. Maburi ePinholes (Micro Voids, Fine Porosity, Through-Holes)

1.1 Zvikonzero Zvikuru zveKudzokorora

(1) Kusvibiswa kwehunyoro — Chikonzero chikuru

Hunyoro huri mu polyols, catalysts, silicone surfactants, kana zvimwe zvinowedzera ndizvo zvinonyanya kukonzera maburi emapini.

Manyuko makuru anosanganisira:

• Kunyudzwa kwezvinhu zvisina kugadzirwa ne hygroscopic
• Kunyungudika mumatangi ekuchengetera zvinhu
• Kushandiswa kweIsocyanate hydrolysis
• Zviumbwa zvakanyorova kana zvinhu zvinoburitsa mvura
• Hunyoro hwakanyanya hwemhepo

Mvura inosangana ne isocyanate (NCO) kuti igadzire CO₂ gasi. Kana mabhubhu asingakwanise kubuda musati maiswa gel,maburi akavharirwa zvachose muchivako.

Mafomula anobata hunyoro anoda dhizaini yakagadzirwa zvakanaka yesystem:
Imba yeSisitimu yePolyurethane

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(2) Kuvharwa Kwemhepo Panguva Yekusanganisa

• Kumhanya kwakanyanya kwekusanganisa
• Kureba kwedonhwe panguva yekudurura
• Dhizaini yemusoro wekusanganisa ine nyonganyonga

Mamiriro aya anounza mabhurumu emhepo asingakwanise kubuda nekufamba kwenguva.

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(3) Kusaenzana kweFuro-Gelation

• Kukurumidza kuyerera kwemvura → mabhurumu akavharirwa mumadziro akaomarara
• Kuputika kwefuro nekukurumidza → kuputika kwebubble
• Kusashanda zvakanaka kwesilicone surfactant → chimiro chemasero chisina kugadzikana

Kusarudzwa kweCatalyst kunoita basa rakakosha mukuenzanisa kumhanya kwekuita:
Zvikonzeriso zvePolyurethane Amine

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(4) Zvikanganiso zveMould

• Nzira dzemhepo dzakavharika
• Dhizaini isina kunaka yemhepo inobuda
• Mhepo inovhara chakuvhuvhu isati yasvika

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1.2 Mhinduro dzeUinjiniya

• Kuvandudza kuvhara zvinhu zvakabikwa uye kutarisa hunyoro
• Shandisa dziviriro yenitrogen munzvimbo dzine hunyoro
• Pisa uye omesa mapundu zvakanaka
• Gadzirisa simba rekusanganisa uye deredza kupinda kwemhepo
• Gadzirisa amine/tin catalyst balance kuti nguva yekupindura igare yakasimba
• Kuvandudza dhizaini yekubvisa maburi uye kutevedzana kwekuvhara kwemould

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2. Makomba ekupwanyika (Sink Marks, Surface Pullup, Edge Depressions)

2.1 Zvikonzero Zvikuru zveKudzokorora

(1) Kunyanyisa Kuderera Kwesimba Mushure mekuderera

• Kuwanda kwe crosslink kwakaderera
• Nhamba yeNCO yakaderera
• Chiyero chekuwedzera kwefuro chakakwira

Zvinokonzera kuvharika kwemukati mushure mekutonhora uye kudonha kwemusoro.

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(2) Kupisa Kusina Kuenzana uye Kupararira Kwekupisa

• Zvikamu zvakakora zvinopora zvishoma nezvishoma pane zvitete
• Kusiyana kwekushushikana kwenzvimbo
• Kusawirirana kwehuwandu hwezvinhu muchikamu chose

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(3) Kusazadza kwakakwana kana kuti dhizaini isina kunaka yegedhi

• Makomba asina kuzadzwa zvakakwana
• Kusvika kwemvura isina kunaka munzvimbo dzekupedzisira
• Kuiswa kwegedhi rejekiseni zvisiri izvo

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(4) Kubvisa Zvinhu Zvisina Kukwana

Kubviswa kwechivako nekukurumidza kunokonzera kuparara kwechivako nekuda kwekusagadziriswa kwemukati kwakakwana.

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2.2 Mhinduro dzeUinjiniya

• Wedzera zvishomaNhamba yeNCO (1.05 → 1.10)
• Gadzirisa huremu hwepfuti uye ita shuwa kuti yakawandisa zvishoma
• Kuenzanisa tembiricha yemuforoma netembiricha yezvinhu
• Wedzera nguva yekubika usati wabvisa mafuta
• Kuvandudza kuenzana kwemafomu uchishandisa kugadzirisa kwemazinga ehurongwa

Rutsigiro rwekugadzirisa sisitimu:
Mhinduro dzeSisitimu yePolyurethane

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3. Zviratidzo zveKuyerera (Mitsetse yeKuyerera, Mitsetse yeWeld, Mitsetse, Mafungu ePamusoro)

3.1 Zvikonzero Zvikuru zveKudzokorora

(1) Kuyerera kwekuzadza kusina kugadzikana

• Kuchinja-chinja kwekumanikidzwa kwepombi
• Kusagadzikana kwechiyero chekuyera
• Kuyerera kwejekiseni rinovhundutsa

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(2) Kusawirirana kweTembiricha

• Kupisa kwakaderera kwevhu kunokonzera ganda risati rasvika nguva
• Kusangana kusina kunaka kwemiganhu yekuyerera
• Kuchinja-chinja kwetembiricha kunokonzera kusawirirana kwemamiriro ezvinhu

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(3) Dhizaini Isina Kunaka yeGedhi

• Gedhi rimwe chete rine nzira refu yekuyerera
• Mapombi akawanda ekuyerera achigadzira mitsetse yeweld
• Kusvetuka-svetuka kunokonzerwa nehukuru hwegedhi diki

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(4) Matambudziko eKufamba Nesimba/Kuburitsa Zvinhu Zvisina Kunaka

• Kuyerera kwemuumbirwo wakaderera
• Kuvhara kwemushonga wekusunungura kusina kuenzana
• Kusvibiswa kwepamusoro kunovhara kusangana

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3.2 Mhinduro dzeUinjiniya

• Gadzirisa masisitimu ekuyera nekupomba
• Chengetedza furuu nekupisa kwezvinhu zvakafanana
• Wedzera nzvimbo dzekubatsira pakuisa jekiseni remubatsiri kune maburi marefu
• Kuvandudza kuyerera kwemvura uchishandisa kugadzirisa maitiro ekugadzira

Kuvandudza mashandiro ehurongwa nezvinhu zvinowedzerwa zvakakodzera:
Zvinodzivirira Murazvo & Mhinduro dzekuwedzera

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4. Hurongwa Hwekugadzirisa Matambudziko Hwakarongeka

Kana zvikanganiso zvikaitika kakawanda, shandisa nzira iyi yekuongorora yakarongwa:

Danho 1: Kudzora Zvakatipoteredza

• Kugadzikana kwetembiricha uye hunyoro
• Mwero wehunyoro hwezvinhu zvisina kugadzirwa
• Mamiriro ekuchengetedza chisimbiso

Danho rechipiri: Kuongorora Sisitimu yeKuyera

• Kuenderana kwehuwandu hweA/B
• Kugadzikana kwekumanikidzwa kwepombi
• Kuchinja-chinja kwehuwandu hwekuyerera kwemvura

Danho rechitatu: Kuongorora Maitiro Ekuita

• Kuenzanisa kwekushisa kwezvinhu uye kwemukuyu
• Sarudzo yeCatalyst system
• Kufuro vs nguva yekuisa furo

Danho rechina: Kuongorora Mould System

• Dhizaini yekubvisa mhepo
• Kurongeka kwegedhi
• Kufanana kwemushonga wekusunungura
• Kubvisa nguva

Danho rechishanu: Kushanda Kunoenderana

• Kuenzanisa nzira dzekusanganisa
• Kudzora matekiniki ekudurura
• Kurongeka kwehuremu hwepfuti

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Mhedziso

Maburi ane maburi, maburi anotsvedza, uye zviratidzo zvekuyerera hazvisi zvisizvo zvinoonekwa — ndizvozviratidzo zvekusawirirana kwehurongwa hwemuviri pakugadzira, maitiro, uye dhizaini yemold.

Kugadzirwa kwepolyurethane kwakasimba kunoda kudzorwa kwakabatana kwe:

• Hunhu hwezvinhu zvisina kugadzirwa
• Kinetics yekuita
• Sisitimu yeCatalysis
• Uinjiniya hwechimuru
• Kuranga maitiro

Kuti ishande zvakanaka uye kuti ideredze huwandu hwezvikanganiso, yakagadzirwa zvakanakamhinduro ye polyurethane systemzvakakosha.

Bata timu yedu yehunyanzvi kuti uwane kugadzirisa kwakagadzirirwa iwe, kusarudza catalyst, uye rutsigiro rwesisitimu:

Imba yeSisitimu yePolyurethane